Lactose
A sugar found in milk, dairy foods, eggs, potatoes, veal, cereals, baked goods like cakes and biscuits, ice-cream etc. as well as in prescriptive drugs such as antibiotics and oral contraceptives as well as over-the-counter medicines.

Lactase
An enzyme produced in the small intestine, which is needed to break down / digest lactose.

Lactase Deficiency
Lack of lactase enzyme in the body, thereby causing lactose intolerance / lactose maldigestion.

Lactose Intolerance / Lactose Maldigestion
A dietary condition that arises when the body is unable to digest lactose, resulting in gastrointestinal symptoms like flatulence or excessive gas production, abdominal pain or stomach cramp, bloating and diarrhea.

Lactobacillus Acidophilus
These cultures are bacteria usually found in the small intestine, which are generally considered beneficial as it produces lactase enzymes, Vitamin K, and anti-microbial substances such as acidolin, acidolphilin, lactocidin and bacteriocin.

Bacteriocin
An antibacterial substance, such as colicin, produced by a strain of certain bacteria and harmful to another strain within the same family.

Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a bone degenerative disease. The bones in our skeleton are made of a thick outer shell and a strong inner mesh filled with collagen (protein), calcium salts and other minerals. The inside looks like honeycomb, with blood vessels and bone marrow in the spaces between the bones. Osteoporosis occurs when the holes between bone become bigger, making it fragile and liable to break easily. Osteoporosis usually affects the whole skeleton but it commonly causes breaks or fractures to bone in the wrist, spine and hip.

Enzyme
Any of numerous proteins or conjugated proteins produced by living organisms and functioning as biochemical catalysts.

Hypertension
Arterial disease in which chronic high blood pressure is the primary symptom.

Hyperacidity
Abnormally excessive acid contained in the stomach.

Hyperuricaemia
Excess uric acid in the blood (as in gout).

Purine
A double-ringed, crystalline organic base, C 5H 4N 4, not known to occur naturally, from which is derived the nitrogen bases adenine and guanine, as well as uric acid as a metabolic end product.

Sphingolipid
Any of a group of lipids (as sphingomyelins and cerebrosides) that yield sphingosine or one of its derivatives as one product of hydrolysis.

Insulin Resistance Syndrome (IRS)
Insulin resistance syndrome is characterized by hyperinsulinemia and an increased prevalence of obesity, hypertension, dyslipemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Amino Acid
Any of various organic acids containing both an amino group and a carboxyl group, especially any of the 20 or more compounds that link together to form proteins or that function as chemical messengers and as intermediates in metabolism.

Phytate
A salt or ester of phytic acid.

Oxalate
A salt or an ester of oxalic acid.

Vitamins
Any of various fat-soluble or water-soluble organic substances essential in minute amounts for normal growth and activity of the body and obtained naturally from plant and animal foods.

Mineral
An inorganic element, such as calcium, iron, potassium, sodium, or zinc, that is essential to the nutrition of humans, animals, and plants.

Protein
Composed of one or more chains of amino acids, proteins are fundamental components of all living cells and include many substances, such as enzymes, hormones, and antibodies, that are necessary for the proper functioning of an organism. They are essential in the diet of animals for the growth and repair of tissue and can be obtained from foods such as meat, fish, eggs, milk, and legumes.

Carbohydrates
Any of a group of organic compounds that includes sugars, starches, celluloses, and gums and serves as a major energy source in the diet of animals.

Type 1 Diabetes
Diabetes of a form that usually develops during childhood or adolescence and is characterized by a severe deficiency of insulin secretion resulting from atrophy of the islets of Langerhans and causing hyperglycemia and a marked tendency toward ketoacidosis called also insulin-dependent diabetes,insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus,juvenile diabetes,juvenile-onset diabetes,type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Type 2 Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus of a common form that develops especially in adults and most often in obese individuals and that is characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from impaired insulin utilization coupled with the body's inability to compensate with increased insulin production called also adult-onset diabetes, late-onset diabetes, maturity-onset diabetes, non-insulin-dependent diabetes, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Peptic Ulcer Disease
An ulcer of the upper digestive tract, usually in the stomach or duodenum, where the mucous membrane is exposed to gastric secretions.

Niacin
A white crystalline acid that is a component of the vitamin B complex found in meat, wheat germ, dairy products, and yeast and is used to treat and prevent pellagra.

Ascorbic acid
A white crystalline vitamin, also known as Vitamin C, is found in citrus fruits, tomatoes, potatoes, and leafy green vegetables and used to prevent scurvy.

Vulvovaginal yeast infections
An infection of the female genital tract by a yeast of the genus Candida (C. albicans) and characterized by vaginal discharge and vulvovaginitis; or simply, an infection (as thrush or tinea versicolor) characterized by itching and irritation of the vagina, vulva or other mucous membranes, caused by a yeast fungus.

Distention
The act of distending or the state of being distended especially unduly or abnormally <distension of the abdomen, vomiting, and localized pain and swelling>

Irritable Bowel Syndrome
A disorder characterized by abnormally increased motility of the small and large intestines, producing abdominal pain, constipation, or diarrhea.

Crohn’s Disease
A serious chronic and progressive inflammation of the ileum producing ulceration, fibrous tissue buildup and frequent bouts of diarrhea with abdominal pain, nausea, fever and weight loss.